Fair use is a legal doctrine that allows limited use of copyrighted material without permission from the copyright owner. It is designed to balance the rights of creators with the public interest in the use of their works. Common examples of fair use include criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Courts consider factors like the purpose of use, the amount of copyrighted material used, and its effect on the market value of the original work when determining if a use qualifies as fair use.